Scientific Notation Calculator

Convert numbers to scientific notation and add, subtract, multiply or divide them — computed with exact fractions and every step shown.
Computed
The exact result and the full working are shown below.
Resultexact
4.5×10−44.5 \times 10^{-4}

Scientific notation4.5 × 10^-4

Standard form0.00045

Exact fraction9/20000

Step-by-step solution

  1. 1

    Understand the input

    Read the input 0.00045. As an exact fraction it is 9/20000.

    0.00045=9200000.00045 = \frac{9}{20000}
  2. 2

    Find the exponent

    abs(v) = 0.00045. Since abs(v) is at least 10^-4 but below 10^-3, the exponent is -4.

    10−4≤∣920000∣<10−310^{-4} \le \lvert \frac{9}{20000} \rvert < 10^{-3}
  3. 3

    Find the mantissa

    Divide the exact value by 10^-4: the mantissa is m = 9/2.

    92000010−4=4.5\frac{\frac{9}{20000}}{10^{-4}} = 4.5
  4. 4

    Result

    Scientific notation: 4.5 × 10^-4. Exact fraction: 9/20000. Standard form: 0.00045.

    0.00045=4.5×10−40.00045 = 4.5 \times 10^{-4}
  5. 5

    Check

    Check: multiplying the mantissa by 10^-4 expands back to the standard form 0.00045.

    4.5×10−4=0.000454.5 \times 10^{-4} = 0.00045

About scientific notation

Scientific notation writes any number as a mantissa times a power of ten, with the mantissa at least 1 and below 10 — so 3400000 becomes 3.4 × 10^6 and 0.00045 becomes 4.5 × 10^-4.

It keeps very large and very small numbers readable and comparable: the exponent tells you the scale at a glance, which is why science and engineering use it (Avogadro's number is 6.022 × 10^23).

This calculator parses your input digit by digit with BigInt arithmetic, so even 6.02 × 10^23 stays exact — calculators that go through floating point lose digits on numbers like these.